Fruit is a collective noun that includes fruits or seeds usually perennial trees and shrubs that are mostly be eaten raw.
The difference between fruits and vegetables is not sharp. In general, fruit originates from a perennial vegetables of perennial plants and sugar content of the fruit generally higher. Botanically speaking, the fruit produced by the fertilized flowers, and vegetables originating from other parts of the plant. Peppers, tomatoes, squash, pumpkins and cucumbers are also fruits, but because they are not sweet nor sour, do not consider them a fruit than vegetables.
Fruits are the fruits of cultivated fruit trees and wild perennial plants intended for human consumption in fresh or processed. It grows on all continents and in all climates where for certain types of a corresponding composition of the soil and climatic conditions. Of all the foods of plant origin fruit due to its color and shape, smell, taste good, biological and nutritional value, is on the menu from the earliest times to the present, and the most cost due to its chemical composition.
Chemical composition of fruits :
Abundance of water, which is dissolved in most of the fruit ingredients is 70 to 90%. Water in fruits plays an important physiological role as triggers secretion in the stomach and intestines, and has a beneficial effect on the kidneys and skin. All ingredients of fruit, other than water, make the dry matter, and can be soluble and insoluble in fruit juice. Soluble fruit ingredients are sugar, acids, some colored substance and part of mineral and pectin substances. Insoluble ingredients are cellulose, starch and pectin part and minerals. The importance of fruit is also being rich in vitamins. In particular, there are a lot of vitamin C rose pomegranate, lemon, orange, kiwi, strawberry, blackberry, etc.), provitamin A (rose pomegranate, pineapple, apricot, peach, etc.) and B-complex vitamins (bananas, apples, plums, strawberries, etc. ). Most vitamin is bark fruit so guljanjem raw fruit loses enough vitamins. In addition to vitamins, a very important ingredient in the fruit and fruit acids - citric, malic, tartaric, etc. They provide fresh fruits pleasant sour taste. In any fruit 3 to 4%. Minerals as calcium salts, potassium, phosphorus, sodium, iron, etc., in the fruit has approximately 1%. Enzymes in fruits act as organic catalysts in biochemical processes. They are agents of change in color and smell of some kind of fruit.
Energy value of fruit is not great, because a smaller proportion of waste in the energy ingredients. the most nutritious and valuable ingredients of fruit sugars. Human easily absorbed by the body, and the fruit not only refreshed, but it is also easy to digest. More sugar than the average have all kinds of dried fruits, especially dates. The fruit has a pulp. Although it is indigestible, it is highly effective in the bowel. cellulose with pectin substances makes basic structure of plant tissue. Pectin is also a polysaccharide. On densely fruit preserves a gelling ability. The fruit has approximately 1% protein, less fat.
Fruit is an important raw material in the food industry for the production of fruit juice, jam, marmalade, jams, compotes, fruit yogurt, etc.
Fruit in the hospitality and culinary :
Raw fruit is served as dessert. Jams and fruit juices are usually served for breakfast, dessert served various compotes. Fruit is also an integral part of many cakes (apple strudel, soufflés, apple pie, pecan pie, etc.). Apples, for example, I can bake and fry, and are also used for making cream. Raw or cooked fruit is served in addition to some meat dishes. Fruits are also used for the preparation of some sauces and salad. Fruits are also used for making various kinds of fruit brandies, of which the most wanted plum and tropica (grape or grape).
Fruit varies according to the time of maturation, the degree of maturation, the purpose and the origin of production.
- According to the time of maturation varies or early spring fruit, summer fruits and late or autumn fruits.
- According to the degree of maturation of the fruit may be ripe for the picking, ripe for eating and ripe fruit for processing.
- In a state where the fruit was shipped to market, different fresh fruit, dried fruit, processed fruit and freeze-dried fruit.
- The purpose of the fruit can be a desktop and fruit processing.
- The origin of production differ continental fruits, which grow on the continental and temperate and tropical fruit that grows on the Mediterranean and subtropical climates. Fruit from the tropics also called exotic fruits (mango, papaya…)
In continental fruits include:
- Temperate fruits (apple, pear, quince, medlar)
- Stone fruit (plums, cherries, cherries, peaches, apricots…)
- Berries (garden and wild strawberry, blackberry, raspberry, mulberry)
- Berries (grapes, currants, gooseberries, blueberries, cranberries, rose rosehip)
- Nuts (walnut, hazelnut, almond, chestnut, poppy seeds, peanuts)
- Citrus fruits (lemon, orange, mandarin, grapefruit, fig trees, pomegranates, persimmons, jujube, rowan, strawberry, pine, kiwi)
- Fruit from the area of subtropical climate (pineapple, banana, dates, coconut, avocado, pistachio, kiwano)